{"id":570,"date":"2010-11-08T11:27:45","date_gmt":"2010-11-08T11:27:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.leonarus.ru\/?page_id=570"},"modified":"2025-09-27T05:17:11","modified_gmt":"2025-09-27T05:17:11","slug":"%d0%b8%d1%81%d1%82%d0%be%d0%ba%d0%b8","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.leonarus.ru\/?page_id=570","title":{"rendered":"\u041b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430) \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u043c.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Morris Allias (\u041c\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0435) , \u042d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.leonarus.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u042d\u041a\u041e\u041d\u041e\u041c\u0418\u041a\u0410-\u041a\u0410\u041a-\u041d\u0410\u0423\u041a\u0410.pdf\">1967<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>Ludwig von Bertalanffy. General System Theory (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.leonarus.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/pdfslide.net_93285373-bertalanffy-ludwig-von-1968-general-system-theory-foundations-development-applications.pdf\">1968<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>\u0410\u043d\u043e\u0445\u0438\u043d \u041f.\u041a. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.leonarus.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/Functional.pdf\">1973<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432 \u0412.\u041c. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043a \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0438\u044f (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.leonarus.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_79e60b1.pdf\">1999<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u041c.\u0415. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0440\u043e\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445 (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dslib.net\/econom-teoria\/analiz-neravnovesnyh-processov-v-makrojekonomicheskih-modeljah.html\">2000<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043b \u0410.\u0412. \u042d\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0438 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.leonarus.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B8.pdf\">2016<\/a>)<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block wp-block-post-title block-editor-block-list__block editor-post-title editor-post-title__input rich-text\" role=\"textbox\" aria-label=\"\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\" aria-multiline=\"true\">\u0418\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0443\u0442\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0412.\u0424., \u041a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0412.\u041c. \u041e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.leonarus.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022_elibrary_49352364_21531197.pdf\">2022<\/a>)<\/h4>\n<p>\u041e.\u041b. \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432 \u041e.\u041b., \u041a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u044b\u0439 \u041c.\u042e., \u0421\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043b \u0410.\u0412.\u00a0\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0435 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.leonarus.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/1865188_\u0421\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043b_\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435_\u044d\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0438.pdf\">2022<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430) &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leonarus.ru\/?page_id=570\">\u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":13,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-570","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.leonarus.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/570","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.leonarus.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.leonarus.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.leonarus.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.leonarus.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=570"}],"version-history":[{"count":62,"href":"https:\/\/www.leonarus.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/570\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2160,"href":"https:\/\/www.leonarus.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/570\/revisions\/2160"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.leonarus.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}